Exposure to heavy metals (in synthetic hair) is associated with damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, reproductive system, and nervous system, the researchers noted.
Key Points:
- Synthetic hair worn close to the scalp may pose health risks due to toxic chemicals.
- The study examined 10 popular synthetic hair brands in Nigeria.
- All the brands tested positive for heavy metals like lead, cadmium, and chromium.
- The hair also contained pesticides and nitrate at levels exceeding safety limits.
- These chemicals can potentially cause serious health problems, including cancer, organ damage, and infertility.
- Regulators are urged to mandate manufacturers to use natural, biodegradable fibres instead of plastic-based synthetics.
A recent study by researchers at the Federal University of Technology, Owerri, has uncovered alarming findings about the presence of toxic chemicals in synthetic hair widely used in Nigeria. With synthetic hair products being a staple for many women due to their convenience and versatility, these revelations highlight potential health risks and underscore the need for stricter regulation and safer alternatives.
Popularity of Synthetic Hair
In Nigeria, synthetic hair products, including wigs and weave-ons, are immensely popular among women of all ages. These products offer a convenient and time-saving alternative to natural hair, which requires special care and attention.
The synthetic hair industry is a lucrative business, supported by both local and international manufacturers. Hairdressing salons also thrive on the demand for styling and grooming services.
Findings of the Study
The study, led by Dr Nwanne Dike Ijere and published on Monday by The Conversation, focused on 10 synthetic hair brands commonly worn by women. These brands were sourced from various countries, including Nigeria, China, Ghana, and the USA.
The researchers discovered that all the tested brands contained significant levels of contaminants such as silver, cadmium, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and lead. Additionally, several hazardous pesticides were detected.
Health Risks Associated with Contaminants
One of the key findings of the study is the presence of heavy metals in synthetic hair.
Lead, in particular, is used to stabilise the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in synthetic hair products. Lead compounds help prevent the breakdown of PVC due to heat, light, or wear and tear, making the material more durable.
However, lead is highly toxic to humans. According to the study, lead affects cellular membranes, DNA, and antioxidant defence systems, and it can interfere with the development of a child’s brain and nervous system.
The study highlights that the heavy metals used in synthetic hair are not tightly bound to the polymers and can leach out over time or when exposed to light. This poses a significant risk to women who wear synthetic hair, as they could be exposed to these harmful substances.
“Exposure to heavy metals is associated with damage to the kidneys, liver, lungs, reproductive system, and nervous system,” the researchers noted.
It has also been linked to increased risks of cancer, skin irritations, asthma, and cardiovascular diseases.
Pesticides and other Chemicals
The study also found that synthetic hair samples contained 11 chemical compounds used as pesticides, with levels exceeding permissible limits. These chemicals were likely used as preservatives in the manufacturing process.
Additionally, the researchers discovered high levels of nitrate in the hair samples, which had not been reported in previous studies on synthetic hair.
High levels of nitrate exposure can lead to diseases such as cancer, thyroid gland enlargement, and methemoglobinemia, a blood disorder.
Implications for Consumers
The presence of these toxic chemicals in synthetic hair products has serious implications for consumers. Apart from causing damage to vital organs, exposure to these substances can lead to infertility, birth defects, asthma, bronchitis, and cancers.
They are also associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, endocrine system disruption, and respiratory diseases. The study emphasises that even low levels of chemical substances and heavy metals can be harmful.
Call for Regulatory Action
Given the severity of these findings, there is a pressing need for regulatory bodies to take action.
The National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC) in Nigeria should consistently review and evaluate the safety of the chemical ingredients used in synthetic hair products.
The study’s authors recommend that manufacturers should cease using plastic-based synthetic products and instead adopt natural plant fibres and protein blends. These alternatives are biodegradable and free from harmful chemicals.
Safer Alternatives
Manufacturers do have viable options to produce safer synthetic hair. High-quality synthetic fibres like hiperlon, which are free from PVC and toxic materials, should be considered.
The study advocates for the use of environmentally friendly fibres that do not pose health risks to consumers. By shifting to safer materials, manufacturers can protect consumers’ health and reduce environmental harm.
The findings of the study serve as a crucial warning about the potential health risks associated with synthetic hair products.
As synthetic hair remains a popular choice for many women in Nigeria, it is vital that both consumers and regulators take these risks seriously.
Ensuring the safety of hair products through stringent regulations and promoting the use of safer, natural alternatives can help protect public health and the environment.
