General News

What Led to the Folding of Over 100 Airlines in Nigeria Over 40 Years?

Published by
Ibrahim Fatai

In a stark revelation during the 10th anniversary celebration of Air Peace, Nigeria’s largest airline, Festus Keyamo, the Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development, stated that over 100 airlines have ceased operations in Nigeria over the past four decades. This alarming statistic underscores the high mortality rate plaguing the aviation sector, which the minister attributes to a myriad of systemic issues.

Keyamo’s remarks come at a time when the airline industry in Nigeria is grappling with significant challenges, including economic instability and foreign exchange (FX) fund restrictions that have left many airlines financially vulnerable. He emphasized the critical need to understand why so many airlines have failed, despite Nigeria being the leader in domestic travel across Africa, accounting for 80% of such traffic on the continent.

The Nigerian airline industry faces significant challenges that have contributed to the failure of over 100 airlines over the past 40 years. Key factors include high operational costs, which are heavily influenced by the soaring price of aviation fuel, inadequate infrastructure, and insufficient government support. The devaluation of the naira has trapped foreign exchange funds, further complicating airlines’ ability to maintain operations, purchase necessary aircraft parts, and conduct routine maintenance.

Historical references to past airline casualties like Concord, Zenith, and Bellview underline the systemic issues that have yet to be adequately resolved. The combination of these economic pressures raises serious concerns about the sustainability of the airline industry in light of Nigeria’s substantial domestic travel market, which accounts for a significant share of Africa’s overall air traffic.

Foreign Airlines and FX Constraints

It is also imperative to know that Nigerian has been embattled with FX constraints with foreign airlines over the past two years. The Foreign exchange crisis in Nigeria has left airlines struggling, as trapped funds prevent carriers from accessing necessary foreign currency for operations, maintenance, and parts. This situation has intensified with the naira’s recent devaluation, creating an urgent need for financial solutions to stabilize the industry.

The challenges extend to foreign airlines, with the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) initially approving  a $64.44 million payout to reduce airlines’ trapped funds in January 2024. Later in March 2024, CBN cleared remaining FX backlogs of $7 billion.

In August 2022, Emirates first suspended flights to Nigeria, citing an inability to repatriate trapped revenue funds. The airline halted operations again in November 2022, with $85 million in revenue still inaccessible. After a two-year hiatus, Emirates resumed flights to Nigeria on October 1, 2024, following progress on financial issues.

Government’s Commitment to a Sustainable Future

Keyamo has pledged that the government will collaborate with airline operators to address these issues, advocating for policy reforms aimed at reducing operational inefficiencies, improving infrastructure, and facilitating FX access. He praised Air Peace’s resilience, with its focus on national impact and job creation over profit, as a potential blueprint for future airlines seeking sustainability in Nigeria’s volatile market.
Boeing’s partnership with Nigeria, formalized in August 2024, aims to address some of these industry challenges by advancing the country’s aviation ecosystem. This collaboration includes training programs, technical support, and the development of sustainable infrastructure, positioning Nigeria for growth in the global aviation market.
Ibrahim Fatai

Ibrahim Olamilekan Fatai is a young journalist with a Bachelor's degree in Mass Communication from Kwara State University and a National Diploma from Yaba College of Technology. He has experience in writing, social media management, and content creation, and is skilled at producing impactful stories and reports on business and economic trends. Ibrahim is also dedicated to promoting sustainable development and advocating for human rights, aligning his journalism with causes that drive social change.

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