The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has teed off a forex probe into the activities of 55 firms and persons in the currency market, after an initial scrutiny pointed in the way of probable breach of extant foreign exchange laws.
The suspected foreign exchange transactions infractions largely have occurred outside the over-the-counter spot market alternatively known as Investors and Exporters (I&E) forex window. The window serves formal sector operators who meet certain requirements, mainly centered around buying forex for purposes approved by the CBN.
In August 2020, the apex bank got a court order to freeze the firms’ accounts, which are said to have been responsible for volatility in forex exchange. The CBN alleges that the firms and individuals are “the cause of the current volatility and imbalance in the foreign exchange regime in Nigeria with the attendant negative impact on the economy.”
The betting firms under the CBN radar for possible forex regulations infractions have purchased and transferred foreign exchange to purported foreign technology partners after being refused the approval of the National Office for Technology Acquisition and Promotion (NOTAP) which is required to buy forex from official-recognized (CBN) sources.
Industry watchers think there is a suspicion that the betting firms may be involved in money laundering. The usual forex regulations infraction has for more than four decades been to purchase foreign exchange at cheap official rates and sell for higher amounts in the parallel or black market, a very lucrative practice known as “arrangee” in the 1970s and as “round tripping” from the mid 1980s. Firms that handle large volumes of cash are thought to be ideal vehicles for money laundering.
Also Read: Despite CBN Interventionist Strategies, Naira Exchanges for N462
Given the experience of over 40 years, it is very unlikely that the CBN’s hawkish approach would have a significant impact on dissuading people from abusing the regulations that govern foreign exchange transactions. The incentives to abuse the system is very high precisely because of the multiple exchange rates the CBN maintains. The opportunity for arbitrage i.e. buying dollars at official rates and selling in the black market at high rates, seems the real source of “volatility” of the naira’s value rather than the activities of those who have always sought to capture the massive administratively created rents.
The companies and individuals under scrutiny are:
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